Which country is identified as the pacing challenge in the NDS?

The pacing challenge in the National Defense Strategy (NDS) is identified as China. This designation stems from a number of factors, including China's rapid military modernization, its assertive global presence, and strategic initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, which challenge the current global order and U.S. interests. The NDS highlights China's capabilities in areas like advanced technologies, cyber operations, and space, as well as its influence in the Indo-Pacific region.

The emphasis on China reflects the geopolitical landscape where its actions and strategic ambitions present a significant concern for U.S. policymakers. In contrast, while other nations like Russia, North Korea, and Iran pose various threats, they do not represent the same level of comprehensive challenge across multiple domains that China does. This makes it essential for the U.S. to focus on maintaining an edge in capabilities and alliances to address the specific challenges posed by China effectively.